Why the Reverse PIN System Is Not in Use

Why the Reverse PIN System Is Not in Use Does typing in a reverse PIN at the bank ATM machine really call the police? Since 2006, a raft of emails and social media posts have helpfully suggested that people being forced by robbers to withdraw cash from an ATM machine could summon the police by entering their PIN number in reverse order. If you should ever be forced by a robber to withdraw money from an ATM machine, you can notify the police by entering your Pin # in reverse,  one widely circulated email reads. So, let’s say you are able to actually do that – naturally and quickly – with a pistol sticking in your ribs  during a robbery at your banks automated teller machine. Will the police automatically be summoned to the crime scene? No. In reality, the idea of a reverse PIN is just that - an idea whose time has not come, even though the technology exists. Heres the question: If the idea of a reverse PIN alert system sounds great, and its already been invented, whats the holdup? Reverse PIN Questioned by Government Federal legislation signed into law by President Barack Obama in 2009 raised hope that reverse PIN technology, an attempt to provide more safety for consumers who use ATMs, might be put into use. The Credit Card Accountability Responsibility and Disclosure Act of 2009 mandated that the Federal Trade Commission study the cost-effectiveness of making available at automated teller machines technology that enables a consumer that is under duress to electronically alert a local law enforcement agency that an incident is taking place... Banks interviewed by the FTC reported that they had never installed any type of emergency-PIN system on their ATM machines and had no plans to do so in the future. â€Å"FTC staff learned that emergency-PIN technologies have never been deployed at any ATMs, reported the FTC. The respondent banks reported that none of their ATMs currently have installed, or have ever had installed, an emergency-PIN system of any sort. The ATM manufacturer Diebold confirms that, to its knowledge, no ATMs have or have had an emergency-PIN system.† The study, made public in April 2010, suggested that the reverse PIN system or alarm buttons would not stop or significantly reduce ATM robberies and could even â€Å"increase the danger to customers who are targeted by offenders.† While there may be some potential for decreasing ATM-related crime and injury, there is also the possibility that emergency-PIN systems will have little or no effect, or that they will even increase injury, the FTCs Bureau of Economics reported. How is that possible? Reverse PIN Opposed by Banks The FTC study warned that the reverse PIN system might actually increase the  physical danger to the victim because of the difficulties distressed customers may experience in using the system. Banks that cooperated by the FTC study said customers who fumble while trying to type in their reverse PIN face a real risk of personal harm. There are ... concerns that customers under stress may be unlikely to remember the reverse of their PIN, which may place them in greater danger should the perpetrator figure out what they are attempting to do and escalate the situation, Bank of America told the FTC. So what is a customer to do in the event of a crime? Comply, Wells Fargos senior vice president for ATM and store strategy  said. If a crime is being committed, we believe the safest course of action is for a customer to comply with the demands of their attacker, he wrote to the FTC. How Reverse PIN System Would Work A reverse PIN system would allow distressed ATM customers with a bank card PIN of 1234, for example, to enter this number backward, 4321, and automatically send an electronic relay message to a dispatch center or the police, alerting them to the customers location. Bogus Reverse PIN Email One of the most widely forwarded emails wrongly claiming the reverse PIN system is in use reads: LIFE-SAVING information!!!GOOD INFORMATION TO KNOW ABOUT.PLEASE PASS THIS INFORMATION ONTHE RECENT TRAGEDY OF A YOUNG WOMAN BEING KIDNAPPED ANDEVENTUALLY KILLED; AFTER SHE HAD REPEATEDLY GIVEN THE KIDNAPPER A WRONG PIN TO HER ATM CARD. IF SHE KNEW THE METHOD BELOW, SHE COULD HAVE BEEN SAVED. SO I THINK IT IS IMPORTANT ENOUGH TO LET YOU KNOW!!!!!!!!!!!!!IF YOU SHOULD EVER BE FORCED BY A ROBBER TO WITHDRAW MONEY FROM AN ATM MACHINE, YOU CAN NOTIFY THE POLICE BY ENTERING YOUR PIN # IN REVERSE.FOR EXAMPLE IF YOUR PIN NUMBER IS 1234 THEN YOU WOULD PUT IN4321.THE ATM RECOGNIZES THAT YOUR PIN NUMBER IS BACKWARDS FROM THE ATM CARD YOU PLACED IN THE MACHINE. THE MACHINE WILL STILL GIVE YOU THE MONEY YOU REQUESTED, BUT UNKNOWN TO THE ROBBER, THE POLICE WILL BE IMMEDIATELY DISPATCHED TO HELP YOU.THIS INFORMATION WAS RECENTLY BROADCAST ON FOX TV AND IT STATES THAT IT IS SELDOM USED BECAUSE PEOPLE DONT KNOW IT EXISTS.PLEASE PASS THIS ALONG. Fast Facts on Reverse PIN Technology Entering a PIN number in reverse order at an ATM machine or other electronic account verification devices will not automatically notify or summon the police.Though the reverse PIN notification technology† exists, its use is opposed by both the U.S. government and the banking industry due to the possibility of physical harm to customers who struggle to use the system while under great stress.The banking industry and law enforcement officials are continuing to work on the development of an automated ATM police notification system that will not further endanger customers. Updated by Robert Longley

The History and Definition of Solar Cells

The History and Definition of Solar Cells Any device that directly converts the energy in light into electrical energy through the process of photovoltaics is a solar cell. The development of solar cell technology begins with the 1839 research of French physicist Antoine-Cà ©sar Becquerel. Becquerel observed the photovoltaic effect while experimenting with a solid electrode in an electrolyte solution when he saw a voltage develop  when the light fell upon the electrode. Charles Fritts - First Solar Cell According to Encyclopedia Britannica, the first genuine solar cell was built around 1883 by Charles Fritts, who used junctions formed by coating selenium (a ​semiconductor) with an extremely thin layer of gold. Russell Ohl - Silicon Solar Cell Early solar cells, however, had energy conversion efficiencies of under one percent. In 1941, the silicon solar cell was invented by Russell Ohl. Gerald Pearson, Calvin Fuller, and Daryl Chapin - Efficient Solar Cells In 1954, three American researchers, Gerald Pearson, Calvin Fuller, and Daryl Chapin, designed a silicon solar cell capable of a six percent energy conversion efficiency with direct sunlight. The three inventors created an array of several strips of silicon (each about the size of a razor blade), placed them in sunlight, captured the free electrons and turned them into electrical current. They created the first solar panels. Bell Laboratories in New York announced the prototype manufacture of a new solar battery. Bell had funded the research. The first public service trial of the Bell Solar Battery began with a telephone carrier system (Americus, Georgia) on October 4, 1955.

OHSA Fall Prevention Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

OHSA Fall Prevention - Essay Example After an upsurge in 2007, fatal work accidents were trimmed by 20% down in the following year, according to the Bureau of Labor Statistics (OSHA, 2008). Nevertheless, fall-related occupational deaths are still the major cause of job-related accidents, accounting for about 8% of occupational fatalities. Working at more than 4 feet height poses risks of falling to workers, especially, to those who work in building constructions (OSHA, 2008). Regardless of the falling height, industrial and construction workers must be protected from fall. This paper presented that the key step in the prevention of fall or any work-related injury is the identification and elimination of hazards. Any worker, exposed to fall hazards, is at risk to trauma or death. In industrial works, construction workers are more prone to fall accidents. Fall hazards in construction sites are primarily due to falling debris and elevated working area. Stairways and ladders, for instance, are frequent cause of trauma and fatality among construction workers. Annually, based on OSHA estimates, about 25,000 injuries and around 36 fatalities are recorded from stairway and ladder fall accidents (NC-DOL, 2008). Many of these accidents, on the basis of the assessment, could have prevented if the construction firm has complied with the OSHA safety requirements. Thus, OSHA rules cover every stairway and ladder used in the construction or industrial works, including their repair, structure, and decoration. OSHA also specifies the technical properties, designs, and manufacture of stairway and ladder appropriate for industrial works. Fall accidents may also involve leading edges and floor holes. Still, fa ll may occur on the same level due to tripping and slipping hazards. As mentioned earlier, the effective prevention of falls necessitates the identification and immediate control of fall hazards. This requires the collaborative effort of engineering, safety, estimating, and production personnel,

Customer intimacy and other value Disciplines Essay

Customer intimacy and other value Disciplines - Essay Example Redefining the value for customers in different markets is necessary because of the enormous differences in customer tastes, purchasing behaviors, attitude etc. Moreover, customers in different markets are socially, culturally, politically, and economically different and hence customized business strategies are necessary even for the same product at different markets. Parker Pen misread the globalization principles and tried to implement a unique marketing strategy for their pens in different countries and failed miserably. Moreover, an Indian customer may like to have some kind of discount while purchasing a car whereas an American customer may like to have a free offer along with purchasing of the same car. In other words, the car manufacturer should adopt different marketing or business strategies at different countries even for selling the same product. Building powerful and cohesive business systems based the characteristics of a market is another important strategy needed for the success of a business. For example, Americans like to purchase top quality branded goods even if the prices were too much whereas an Indian customer may prefer low prices even if the quality was compromising. In other words, it is difficult for the Benz car makers to sell their top models in India whereas same model could be the best seller in America. Same way, it is difficult for Indian car manufacturer Maruti to sell their cars in America even though they are the best sellers in the Indian market. If Maruti wants to sell their cars in America, they need to make necessary changes in their car models in order to make it suitable to the American market. Raising customers’ expectations beyond the competition’s reach is the third strategy needed for business success. Indian car manufacturer TATA recently unveiled world’s cheapest car NANO priced $ 2000. This car became a hot seller in Indian market and its booking is already

Critical Analysis of Frustration Essay Example for Free

Critical Analysis of Frustration Essay The concept of this story is that war can never be justified through self-righteousness. That is, if a person is trying to start a war because he thinks himself to be better than his target, there is no just reason for him to do it. Most, if not all, wars are primarily begun by one man believing himself to be better than is target. This is proven through the history of Rome and other nations. But what makes war justified? Is there ever a reason to destroy another’s life? The answer is no. Starting a war can never be justified. This story proves that. In â€Å"Frustration† a man is trying to find proof that a justified war is indeed possible. His advanced technology allows him to run through computer simulations which, in theory, would find a series of events that would make this man’s war, right. The main issue that is brought up is that a computer, in itself, lacks self-righteousness, meaning that it places a much higher value on human lives than the average human does. But how does this make any difference? Humans naturally believe that they are in some way better than each other. If a man thinks that he is better than another man than what is to stop him from attempting to subdue and enslave the lesser man? It is this self-righteousness, unchanged by generations, that causes all wars. All through that ages humanity has stayed the same in their behaviors and characteristics. This story implies this even at the very beginning of it. â€Å"The whole meal has been prepared by computer. Untouched by human hands†. With these words we know that this story takes place in the future. Herman Gelb, the main protagonist in the story, is at a meeting ith the computer programmer Peter Jonsbeck. Immediately the conversation is turned upon the activities of old man Hargrove, the Secretary of Foreign Affairs. Herman is intrigued by the fact that Hargrove is intent on finding a war that is justifiable and efficient. At questioning this, Herman get the response from Peter, â€Å"He wants the world to be the way we are-noble, honest, decent, full of respect for human rights and so on†. Now we know that it is the self-righteousness of Hargrove that is leading him to perform these computer simulations. It shows that, in this author’s view, humanity is likely to stay unchanged in the future; ignorant from their distaste of the other man, self-righteousness driving them to believe that they are the best in the world. And so our characteristic of self-righteousness never changes. Our personal beliefs can never justify war. Self-righteousness makes us blind to the true needs of our fellow man, and in the end brings dissent among people, and war. Peter makes the quote, â€Å"And they’re keeping the pressure on us, too. They don’t think we’re perfect†, this shows that self-righteousness never travels one way, that is, one person may think he is superior to someone else but that someone else will not think that person superior to him. In the story the three men all believe that they need to conquer the world in order to make it like them. They use this to justify their reason for war. When Peter says, â€Å"Hargrove thinks it is possible to find some combination of starting conditions and courses of development that will result in clear victory for us and not too much damage to the world, and he labors in constant frustration. , we know that Hargrove is so consumed by his self-righteousness that he labors furiously in order to find some kind of equation that will make his war just. This relates to human nature in a way that is explicitly obvious. We do not want to be alone in the world and therefore try to make others to be like us. Sadly in this process we begin to believe that we are better than our fellow man. This is not so. â€Å"After all†, says Peter, â€Å"It may be that even the losing nations would benefit from being directed by us, with our stronger economy and stronger moral sense. These men in the story are blind. In believing that they have a stronger moral sense, they have proven their humanity. What kind of people, with a strong moral sense, would attempt to take over nations, in order for those nations to be like them. As a people we desire not to be alone but to be supported. However, through this desire, we get blinded from our true motives. Attempting to assimilate a people is not moral or just. It is simply, wrong. As a race we tend to put a much higher value on ourselves and our desires than the needs of our neighbours. Computers have no sense of self-righteousness, which is one of the key components of humanity’s character. Herman mentions to Peter that there would be casualties. In reply Peter says, â€Å"Yes, of course. But the computer will presumably compare the casualties and other damage-to the economy and ecology, for instance-to the benefits that would derive from our control of the world, and if it decides the benefits outweigh the casualties, then it will give the go-ahead for a ‘just war’†. The computers in the story could not find a good enough excuse for a â€Å"just war† because they had no sense of self-righteousness. They did not believe that they â€Å"needed to be in control of the world and subdue other nations. In response to an accusation from Gelb that Peter is in the computer programming business for the money, Peter defends himself saying, â€Å"There won’t be a war. There’s no realistic combination of events that would make the computer decide on war†. The computers put a much higher value on life than Hargrove and the others. Hargrove believed that the other nations needed to be controlled by them in order that they be â€Å"proper† nations. The computers could not justify war by the human’s need to be in control. Gelb is curious as to why there will not be a war so Peter tells him, â€Å"I don’t know any way of programming a computer to give what is most needed in any war, any persecution, any devilry, while ignoring any harm that may be done in the process. † Sadly this is true. Any war, in order to be begun, needs some sort of devilry in order for it to get a kickoff. Computers have no sense of devilry because they have no self-righteousness, and, therefore, they can find a reason to start a war for just reasons. Those reasons simply do not exist. Human nature never changes. Wars are wrought. Lives are lost. These wars can never be justified by man’s need to be superior to his neighbour. Ever since the dawn of mankind, wars have been fought because one man, or people, believed they were the superior. This characteristic had never changed through our history, and it never will. God gave us the command to love our neighbour as ourselves. However, as this story dictates, people often love themselves way more than their fellow man. Destruction and chaos have been driven by humanities self-righteousness. But as the story dictates, self-righteousness is never focused one way. People will not freely believe that someone else is better than them. We want others to be like us because we do not want to be alone in the world. Unfortunately through this process, we begin to believe that we are better than other people. This desire for attention leads to some of the world’s greatest tragedies and depressions. Computers lack what war needs in order to be begun. They lack any sense of devilry and self-righteousness. They place a higher value on life than the average man. Never will they justify war for the sole reason to assimilate another people or nation. No set of equations or circumstances can lead a computer to giving the â€Å"OK† for a just war. It just will not happen.

The Ulu Burun Shipwreck: Underwater Archaeology at its Finest Essay

Archaeology is a continuously evolving field where there is a constant stream of new branches and excavation methods. Due to the influx of new technologies and innovations in recent decades, archaeologists have been able to excavate previously inaccessible areas. For example, new diving equipment and tools such as proton magnetometers, side-scan sonar, sub-bottom profiler, and miniature submarines have allowed archaeologists to dive into the deep depths of the ocean. As a result, the branch of underwater archaeology was created to search for shipwrecks and other artifacts on the ocean floor. Underwater archaeology’s role has increased in recent years as it allows archaeologists to more accurately interpret the past by supplementing information gained through traditional land excavations. A prime example of the possible contributions of underwater archaeology is the Ulu Burun shipwreck. The Ulu Burun shipwreck is the remains of a Late Bronze Age (~1600 – 1050 BCE) trading vessel dated to about 1300 BCE. The shipwreck was discovered in 1982 off the coast of Ulu Burun, near the modern city of Kas, Turkey. This fifty-foot long vessel was resting at the bottom of the Mediterranean Sea at a depth of approximately 150 feet. Eleven sets of excavations were conducted from 1984 to 1994 in order to deliver the artifacts to the surface for analysis. From this wreck site, archaeologists now have a more detailed and precise understanding about the trade and distribution of commodities in the Late Bronze Age. With very little textual information available from this time period, archaeologists knew very little about the items that were traded, cultures that traded with each other, and the trade routes. The Ulu Burun shipwrecks acts as a time... ...e Late Bronze Age are presented in underwater archaeology. As a result, there should be a greater push for archaeologists to explore more of the ocean in order to learn about the past. Works Cited Bass, George F. "A Bronze Age Shipwreck at Ulu Burun (Kaş): 1984 Campaign." JSTOR. American Journal of Archaeology. Web. 20 May 2012. . Bass, George F. "Oldest Shipwreck Reveals the Splendors of the Bronze Age." National Geographic 1987. Print. Bowens, Amanda. Underwater Archaeology: The NAS Guide to Principles and Practice. Malden, MA: Blackwell Pub., 2009. Print. Gates, Charles. Ancient Cities: The Archaeology of Urban Life in the Ancient Near East and Egypt, Greece, and Rome. London: Routledge, 2003. Print. Renfrew, Colin, and Paul Bahn. Archaeology: Theory Methods and Practice. London: Thames & Hudson, 1996. Print.

Enterprise Strategy Essay

Vision Our Enterprise Strategy sets out our vision for the Opera House as a dynamic and evolving organisation now and into the future. Our mission and values lie at the heart of our Enterprise Strategy, guiding our plans to ensure the Opera House retains its essential role in Australia’s life and identity. Mission The Sydney Opera house embodies beauty, inspiration and the liberating power of art and ideas. It is a masterpiece that belongs to all Australians. We will treasure and renew the Opera house for future generations of artists, audiences and visitors. Everything we do will engage and inspire people through its excellence, ambition and breadth. We will strengthen our central role in Australia’s life and identity. POLICIES Our Code of Conduct is a set of guidelines that connect our daily behaviour, decisions and actions to the vision, goals and values of Sydney Opera House. 1. We act in the best interests of Sydney Opera House and value our reputation. As a cultural icon and internationally recognized symbol of Australia, Sydney Opera House’s reputation is one of our most valuable assets. As representatives for Sydney Opera House we all have a responsibility to build our reputation and protect it against harm. 2. We act with personal integrity & honesty. Integrity and honesty underpin everything we do. The trust of our customers, partners, colleagues and the community can only be achieved through ensuring all our decisions and actions are honest and made in the best interests of the organization and its stakeholders. 3. We maintain a healthy and safe work environment. Safety and security in our workplace is of vital importance to Sydney Opera House.  Everyone is expected to contribute to creating and maintaining a safe and secure workplace by observing safety and security procedures and policies. 4. We have respect for others & maintain a fair and harmonious workplace. Sydney Opera House is committed to maintaining an inclusive workplace that values the contributions of everyone and is respectful of difference. We all must behave fairly, respectfully and without discrimination to any person we deal with in our work, including other employees, customers and business partners at all times. 5. We value our customers & are committed to service excellence at all times. Customer First: â€Å"In all our endeavours, we are committed to placing the needs and views of our customers first†. 6. We work with economy & efficiency. You must use all Sydney Opera House resources lawfully, ethically and as economically as possible in your work. All equipment, facilities and property should only be used for work purposes and the business of Sydney Opera House unless otherwise approved by your manager. Use of Sydney Opera House information systems must be carried out in accordance with relevant policies and procedures. Use of information systems is monitored. Serious breaches of Sydney Opera House policies and guidelines will result in disciplinary action and may lead to dismissal. 7. We perform our work unimpaired by the consumption of alcohol or use of drugs. Sydney Opera House requires all staff to be unimpaired by alcohol or other drugs that may affect your ability to work safely and effectively.It is important to advise management if you are concerned your work performance may be impaired by medication. Attendance at work while affected by prior use of alcohol or other drugs is not permitted. GOals The Access Strategic Plan has been developed with a focus on Sydney Opera House’s strategic goals: Artistic Excellence Produce and present imaginative and engaging performing arts events from Australia and around the world. Community Engagement and Access Sydney Opera House belongs to everyone and all communities have access to experiences. A Vibrant and Sustainable Site Intensifying customer engagement and ensuring progress works in harmony with heritage values. Earning Our Way remain relevant, contemporary and leverage our position as a critical tourism and cultural asset.

Explore Shakespeare’s Use of Soliloquy in ‘Othello’ Essay

Elizabethan and Jacobean dramatists used his theatrical convention to evoke the inwardness of their characters, a soliloquy provides the audience with accurate access to the character’s innermost thoughts and we learn more about a character than could ever be gathered from the action of the play alone. In ‘Othello’, both the hero and the villain speak in soliloquy. Iago, the villain, speaks his soliloquies first (Othello’s occur towards the end of the play), drawing the audience in as he outlines his intentions and ideas. The soliloquies give us access to the feelings and motivations of both hero and villain, which heightens the intensity of the drama. They are also a source of a great deal of dramatic irony which increases the dramatic tension for the audience. In ‘Othello’, the use of soliloquies is crucial as the play is based on deceit and they allow us to know the motive of characters, especially Iago, and we see the characters in their tr ue light as they use language and images which are typical of them. Iago illustrates the issue of deception through his soliloquies; they are useful as they show Iago’s true feelings. Iago’s character is presented to us through his soliloquies, illustrating motives which he uses to justify his actions, making the soliloquies instruments to show the audience what makes Iago tick. Language is the source of Iago’s power and his soliloquies reinforce this. Iago’s soliloquy in Act1 Sc.3 is where he starts to formulate his plan to get back at Othello. When he is alone, he reveals his true motives. First he mocks Roderigo – â€Å"Thus do I ever make my fool my purse:† making the audience aware of the fact that he is only using Roderigo. He is toying with Roderigo for ‘my own sport and profit’. He suspects Othello of cuckolding him and he wants revenge. Iago knows that Othello trusts him well, and the fact that he says that he will use this against him shows just how devious Iago is – † He holds me well: The better shall my purpose work on him.† Othello holds Iago in very high regard and it is Iago’s use of this that leads Othello to murder his wife. Iago is determined to drive out Cassio and  take his place, he considers how he could do this and decides to use Othello’s trusting nature to try to persuade him that Cassio is too friendly with Desdemona. Iago’s soliloquy suggest that the manipulation of Roderigo and Othello in the first act is leading up to a more serious deception as his web will ensnare Desdemona and Cassio too. The soliloquy shows his ability to improvise quickly, at the start, he is musing over a possible plan, and a few lines later he has the outline of a subtle plan which will bring about his revenge. It is appropriate that Iago uses words which associate him with a devilish image – â€Å"Hell and Night Must bring this monstrous birth to the world’s light.† Without the soliloquy, the audience would not know of Iago’s plan, or the extent to which he is capable of manipulating people. The soliloquy clearly shows Iago’s evil nature and his use of devilish imagery reinforces this. Another of Iago’s soliloquies in Act2 Sc.3 is also useful in showing us Shakespeare’s use of soliloquies. At the beginning of the speech, Iago reflects on how no one can accuse him of being the villain when he offers such good, helpful advice. We can see that he manipulates a lot of the characters and knows that he is acting. We see Iago’s true maliciousness in this speech as he intends to use Desdemona’s good nature to â€Å"enmesh them all†; he wants to destroy an innocent with whom he has no quarrel so that he can carry out his revenge. The speech shows Iago’s delight in his own cunning and acting abilities, revelling in the fact that he has the power to turn Desdemona’s â€Å"virtue into pitch†. As is typical throughout the play, Iago shows that he has nothing but contempt for honesty and innocence and he looks forward to corrupting them, associating honesty with foolishness. Iago’s loyalty is only to himself, and he even plans to use his wife in his scheme. The imagery Iago uses is again crude and materialistic, he will persuade Othello that Desdemona pleads for Cassio for her â€Å"body’s lust†, and without her knowing it, her conviction in Cassio and her pleas for him to be forgiven by Othello only serve to â€Å"undo her credit with the Moor†. Iago’s  language in his soliloquies emphasises his deception, as with Othello and Cassio, he is generally polite and guarded. The soliloquy serves to provide the audience with another view into his evil mind that he cannot express in dialogue with other characters as he is trying to manipulate them and needs them to think of him as honest and trustworthy. Othello’s language is a contrast to Iago’s, he is seen as the most romantic of Shakespeare’s heroes, his speeches often emphasise this difference as he uses poetic lines and images. However, this language sees a significant change as Iago poisons Othello’s mind, and his speeches soon take on similar traits of Iago, using devilish language and hellish imagery. Although Othello’s soliloquy in Act5 Sc.1 shows a change from the chaotic mind he showed in Scene 4; his anger has passed to an infinite sorrow, and he speaks more like the Othello we saw at the beginning of the play. Othello’s speech reveals a number of things about Othello that we would not otherwise know. Othello sees himself as acting as a martyr and for justice as he suggests that his purpose is to prevent Desdemona from committing further sins of adultery. His repetition of â€Å"It is the cause†, plus the fact that he will not say what the cause actually is, implies that Ot hello finds it hard to take Desdemona’s life and be separated from her. Othello does not want to spill Desdemona’s blood; some critics suggest that this is because he wants to avoid leaving any marks of murder so he can feel blameless. Other critics see it as Othello’s desire to leave Desdemona looking perfect – â€Å"Yet I’ll not shed her blood, Nor scar that whiter skin of hers than snow, And smooth as monumental alabaster:† It is as if Othello wants to see Desdemona as she does usually, with no marks of murder on here. Throughout the rest of the speech, Othello uses complex imagery; he speaks of a rose being plucked and then withering, he then says – â€Å"Be thus when thou art dead and I will kill thee, And love thee after.† This suggests determination, but also pain and reluctance, Othello has to use symbols, Desdemona as a rose, by doing this, he avoids confronting the deed directly and distances himself from Desdemona as a person so that be might be more able to carry out the murder. The opposition (the play is heavily based on opposites and opposition) in Othello is clearly shown in his lines about weeping and sorrow – â€Å"But they are cruel tears: this sorrow’s heavenly – It strikes where it doth love.† Othello implies that sorrow is â€Å"heavenly†, which is the opposite to what sorrow should be, this emphasises that Othello is acting out of love, as a martyr of love. Without the soliloquy, the audience might not have been able to know what Othello was thinking as he justifies his action in killing Desdemona. It portrays Othello as his usual calm self while he does not speak passionately and seems in control of what he is saying, the images and language he uses are opposed and shows that he is emotionally torn. From this, we can see that Shakespeare uses soliloquies to put forward what the dialogue between characters cannot; we see the characters true emotions and motives when they speak in soliloquy and this is implied when they use language and imagery which is typical to them. Iago’s soliloquies show his true nature, he highlights what his scheming has accomplished and indicates his future plans and actions. The audience has a chance to view his characters and what he thinks of the other players. Othello’s soliloquies come later on in the play when we can see the changes in Othello as he is poisoned by Iago. They serve to portray Othello’s nature to us and emphasise the beauty of his language.

Desert Precipitation, Plant, and Animal Life

Desert Precipitation, Plant, and Animal Life Deserts, also known as arid lands, are regions that receive less than 10 inches of precipitation a year and have little vegetation. Deserts occupy about one-fifth of the land on Earth and appear on every continent. Little Precipitation The little precipitation and rain that falls in deserts is usually erratic and varies from year to year. While a desert might have an annual average of five inches of precipitation, that precipitation may come in the form of three inches one year, none the next, 15 inches the third, and two inches the fourth. Thus, in arid environments, the annual average tells little about actual rainfall. What does matter is that deserts receive less precipitation than their potential evapotranspiration (evaporation from the soil and plants plus transpiration from plants equals evapotranspiration, abbreviated as ET). This means that deserts do not receive enough precipitation to overcome the amount evaporated, so no pools of water can form. benedek / Getty Images Plant and Animal Life With little rainfall, few plants grow in desert locations. When plants do grow, they are usually spaced far apart and are quite sparse. Without vegetation, deserts are highly prone to erosion since there are no plants to hold down the soil. Despite the lack of water, a number of animals call deserts home. These animals have adapted to not only survive, but to flourish, in harsh desert environments. Lizards, tortoises, rattlesnakes, roadrunners, vultures, and, of course, camels all live in deserts. Flooding in a Desert It doesnt rain often in a desert, but when it does, the rain is often intense. Since the ground is often impermeable (meaning that water isnt absorbed into the ground easily), the water runs quickly right into streams that only exist during rainfalls. The swift water of these ephemeral streams are responsible for most of the erosion that takes place in the desert. Desert rain often never makes it to the ocean, the streams usually end in lakes that dry up or the streams themselves just dry up. For instance, almost all of the rain that falls in Nevada never makes it to a perennial river or to the ocean. Permanent streams in the desert are usually the result of exotic water, meaning that the water in the streams comes from outside of the desert. For example, the Nile River flows through a desert but the rivers source in high in the mountains of Central Africa. Where Is the Worlds Largest Desert? The worlds largest desert is actually the very cold continent of Antarctica. It is the worlds driest place, receiving less than two inches of precipitation annually. Antarctica is 5.5 million square miles (14,245,000 square kilometers) in area. Outside of polar regions, Northern Africas Sahara Desert is the worlds largest desert at more than 3.5 million square miles (nine million square kilometers), which is slightly smaller than the size of the United States, the worlds fourth largest country. The Sahara stretches from Mauritania to Egypt and Sudan. What Is the Worlds Hottest Temperature? The worlds highest temperature was recorded in the Sahara Desert (136 degrees F or 58 degrees C at Azizia, Libya on September 13, 1922). Why Is a Desert so Cold at Night? The very dry air of the desert holds little moisture and thus holds little heat; thus, as soon as the sun sets, the desert cools considerably. Clear, cloudless skies also help to quickly release heat at night. Most deserts have very low temperatures at night. Desertification In the 1970s, the Sahel strip that stretches along the southern fringe of the Sahara Desert in Africa experienced a devastating drought, causing land that was formerly used for grazing to turn to desert in a process known as desertification. Approximately one-quarter of the land on Earth is threatened by desertification. The United Nations held a conference to begin discussing desertification in 1977. These discussions eventually resulted in the establishment of the United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification, an international treaty established in 1996 to combat desertification.

How to Personalize Your Revision Checklist

How to Personalize Your Revision Checklist How to Personalize Your Revision Checklist How to Personalize Your Revision Checklist By Guest Author This is a guest post by Laura Hamby. If you want to write for Daily Writing Tips check the guidelines here. Everyone has their methods. I’ve read revision checklists all over the Internet, but still that didn’t stop me from coming up with my very own checklist. Why? Why not? Who knows better than I how I write? And while I will confess to incorporating items from the checklists of other authors, especially those who write in the genre I do (because I’m a big fan of learning from others), I also know the areas I need to pay attention to on the second/third, et cetera, go-round on my manuscript. The idea is not to revise your voice right out of your work. It is possible to do that if you’re not careful. You also don’t want to revise yourself so you wind up sounding like the person whose checklist you’ve borrowed for your own use. So, what did I consider when putting my personalized checklist together? I’m glad you asked. 1. Things my critique partner pings me on regularly. In the beginning, I had a crit partner who would whack my knuckles with her cyber ruler about head hopping. Stay in ONE point of view? It took me a while to figure it out, but eventually I caught on and now when I head hop, I KNOW what I’m doing. These things are subject to change as you grow as a writer. 2. Things I personally think I can and should do better. Several years ago, I gave myself a mission to use better, stronger verbs whenever and wherever I could. I took baby steps in the beginning, I’d write, then go back and check for passive, lackluster verbs. After a while, I moved on to refusing to use a wimpy verb in the rough draft, even if it meant I stared at the screen until I came up with something better. I like to think now that I’ve about got this licked- the verbs with verve come more easily than the verveless verbs now. As with number one, the items on this portion of your checklist will change, which is exactly what you want, as it shows that you’re growing as a writer. 3. Feedback I’ve received from editors. Hey, I figure if I’m lucky enough to get a rejection complete with what worked and what didn’t work for the editor, that’s as positive a rejection as you can get. And boy, how stupid would I be to discount what the editor has to say? 4. Those pesky generic things that should be on every revision checklist. You know, fun things like spelling, grammar, punctuation, looking for words that are words but are the wrong words. Example: â€Å"The hen is mightier than the sword.† These are what I like to call ‘Fun Typos’ because they often are worth at least a weak giggle, if not a full belly laugh when you find them. 5. Compositional/conventional aspects. Plot, flow, pacing, all threads tied off in a pretty bow, and so forth. 6. Have I stayed true to my voice? We all have a unique voice, but sometimes, it’s possible for it become lost when we try to be too clever or when we fight our way through a scene as if it were a paper bag we had to escape from using nothing but a dull toothpick. This is the part that is truly personal, above and beyond the conventions, like using periods to indicate the end of a statement, that we must observe. What questions can you ask yourself on your checklist that will resonate with how you write and what you write in regard to remaining true to your voice? Feel free to add or subtract from this list, and hey, if you come up with something to consider for creating your own personal revision checklist, let me know. I’m a big believer in being teachable and learning as much as I can about the craft of writing. Laura Hamby writes romantic comedy, has been e-published and enjoys her quest for self-directed continuation learning in writing . Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Writing Basics category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:16 Substitutes for â€Å"Because† or â€Å"Because Of†List of Greek Words in the English LanguageEbook, eBook, ebook or e-book?

Formal Business Report Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

Formal Business Report - Term Paper Example The results of the study largely show that Yellow Pages are becoming obsolete as it is quickly being taken over by online marketing. In view of these results, the president of Glass & Mirror is recommended to adopt online marketing and to focus on building the company’s brand name. DiFeo Glass & Mirror is a wholesale and retail company owned by Michelle DiFeo, located in New York’s Westchester County. The company has used Yellow pages for advertisement campaigns since 2004 and, hence, has continued to ignore other campaign options such as internet, which have taken the centre stage in the advertisement industry. DiFeo has admitted that use of Yellow Pages is ‘a force of habit’ which is worth her investment, but it is clear that she has spent a staggering amount on them - this study will reveal how this expenditure could be ineffective (Stamoulis 4). DiFeo Glass & Mirror has used Yellow Page advertising as one of its best option for product promoting. In New York’s Westchester County, which is the DiFeo Glass & Mirror’s service area, there are tens of phone books. This means that DiFeo Glass & Mirror has to advertise in a multiple phonebooks in order to reach many of those who need its services. As a result, DiFeo Glass & Mirror spends thousands of dollars on Yellow Pages campaign. In this study, this campaign is considered absolutely ineffective. Some of the reasons cited for causing Yellow Pages ineffectiveness include the fact that customers are quickly turning to online advertisements, the cost of Yellow Pages supersedes its benefit, and because administration of Yellow Pages is extremely complex (Stamoulis 5). When estimating the benefits of Yellow pages, measurements such as cost per call, monthly calls per phone book and cost per sale are used. A company cannot achieve utmost results if this information is not available. If the company relies